Pogrubioną czcionką wyróżniono źródła szczególnie ważne dla zagadnień omówionych w niniejszym
opracowaniu.
[1] ROZPORZĄDZENIE (UE) 2024/1991 PARLAMENTU EUROPEJSKIEGO I RADY z dnia 24 czerwca 2024 r. w
sprawie odbudowy zasobów przyrodniczych i zmiany rozporządzenia (UE) 2022/869. https://eur-
lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L_202401991
[2] Zych, M., Denisow,, B., Gajda, A., Kiljanek, T., Kramarz, P., Szentgyörgyi, H. 2020. Narodowa Strategia
Ochrony Owadów Zapylających. Aktualizacja. Warszawa: Fundacja Greenpeace.
https://www.greenpeace.org/poland/narodowa-strategia-ochrony-owadow-zapylajacych/
[3] Pollinator species monitoring (EUPoMS). European Comission.
https://wikis.ec.europa.eu/spaces/EUPKH/pages/23462107/Pollinator+species+monitoring+EUPoMS
[4] Tosi, S., Sfeir, C., Carnesecchi, E., & Chauzat, M.P. 2022. Lethal, sublethal, and combined effects of pesticides
on bees: A meta-analysis and new risk assessment tools. Science of the Total Environment, 844, 156857.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156857
[5] Riihimäki, U., de Koning, M., Kaila, L., & Saastamoinen, M. 2025. Effects of fungicide and herbicide on a non-
target butterfly performance. Science of The Total Environment, 974, 179214.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179214
[6] Schuhmann, A., Schmid, A. P., Manzer, S., Schulte, J., & Scheiner, R. 2022. Interaction of insecticides and
fungicides in bees. Frontiers in Insect Science, 1, 808335. https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2021.808335
[7] Cappa, F., Baracchi, D., & Cervo, R. (2022). Biopesticides and insect pollinators: Detrimental effects,
outdated guidelines, and future directions. Science of the Total Environment, 837, 155714.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155714
[8] Ceulemans, T., Merckx, R., Hens, M., & Honnay, O. 2013. Plant species loss from European semi?natural
grasslands following nutrient enrichment?is it nitrogen or is it phosphorus?. Global Ecology and
Biogeography, 22(1), 73?82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00771.x
[9] Bubová, T., Vrabec, V., Kulma, M., & Nowicki, P. 2015. Land management impacts on European butterflies
of conservation concern: a review. Journal of Insect Conservation, 19, 805?821.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-015-9819-9
[10] van Klink, R., Menz, M.H.M, Baur, H., Dosch, O., Kühne, I., Lischer, L., Luka, H., Meyer, S., Szikora, T.,
Unternährer, D., Arlettaz, R., & Humbert, J.-Y. 2019. Larval and phenological traits predict insect community
response to mowing regime manipulations. Ecol. Appl., 29, e01900. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26669263
[11] Kindvall, O., Franzén, M., Askling, J., Forsman, A., Johansson, V. 2022. Subsidized Common Agricultural
Policy grazing jeopardizes the protection of biodiversity and Natura 2000 targeted species. Animal
Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12773
[12] Humbert, J.-Y., Ghazoul, J., Sauter, G.J., & Walter, T. 2010. Impact of different meadow mowing techniques
on field invertebrates. Journal of Applied Entomology, 134, 592?599. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-
0418.2009.01503.x
[13] Descamps, C., Quinet, M., & Jacquemart, A. L. 2021. The effects of drought on plant?pollinator
interactions: What to expect?. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 182, 104297.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104297
[14] Pereira, H. M., Navarro, L. M., & Martins, I. S. 2012. Global biodiversity change: the bad, the good, and the
unknown. Annual review of environment and resources, 37(1), 25?50. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-
environ-042911-093511
[15] Kovács-Hostyánszki, A., Szigeti, V., Miholcsa, Z., Sándor, D., Soltész, Z., Török, E., & Fenesi, A. 2022. Threats
and benefits of invasive alien plant species on pollinators. Basic and Applied Ecology, 64, 89?102.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.07.003
[16] Zurbuchen, A., Landert, L., Klaiber, J., Müller, A., Hein, S., & Dorn, S. 2010. Maximum foraging ranges in
solitary bees: only few individuals have the capability to cover long foraging distances. Biological Conservation,
143(3), 669?676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.003
[17] Isbell, F., Adler, P. R., Eisenhauer, N., Fornara, D., Kimmel, K., Kremen, C., ... & Scherer?Lorenzen, M.
2017. Benefits of increasing plant diversity in sustainable agroecosystems. Journal of Ecology, 105(4), 871?
879. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12789
[18] Fründ, J., Linsenmair, K. E., & Blüthgen, N. 2010. Pollinator diversity and specialization in relation to flower
diversity. Oikos, 119(10), 1581?1590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18450.x
[19] Thomas, J., & Hanski, I. 1997. Butterfly metapopulation. In: Metapopulation Biology. Ecology, Genetics,
and Evolution. Edited by Hanski I., & Gilpin M.E., pp. 359?386. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323445-
2/50020-1
[20] Polus, E., Vandewoestijne, S., Choutt, J. & Baguette, M. 2007. Tracking the effects of one century of habitat
loss and fragmentation on calcareous grassland butterfly communities. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16,
3423?3436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9008-y
[21] MacGregor, C. J., Pocock, M. J., Fox, R., & Evans, D.M. 2015. Pollination by nocturnal Lepidoptera, and the
effects of light pollution: a review. Ecological Entomology, 40(3), 187?198. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12174
[22] Giavi, S., Fontaine, C., & Knop, E. 2021. Impact of artificial light at night on diurnal plant-pollinator
interactions. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1690. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22011-8
[23] Iwasaki, J. M., & Hogendoorn, K. 2022. Mounting evidence that managed and introduced bees have
negative impacts on wild bees: an updated review. Current Research in Insect Science, 2, 100043.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2022.100043
[24] Biegerl, C., Holzschuh, A., Tanner, B., Sponsler, D., Krauss, J., Zhang, J., & Steffan-Dewenter, I. 2025.
Landscape management can foster pollinator richness in fragmented high-value habitats. Proceedings of the
Royal Society B, 292(2040), 20242686. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.2686
[25] https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/indicators/grassland-butterfly-index-in-europe-
1?activeAccordion=
[26] Thomas J.A., Bourn N.A. D., Clarke R. T., Stewart K. E., Simcox D. J., Pearman G. S., Curtis R., & Goodger B.
2001. The quality and isolation of habitat patches both determine where butterflies persist in fragmented
landscapes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 268, 1791?1796. http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1693
[27] Buszko, J. 2024. Polska czerwona księga zwierząt - bezkręgowce. IOP PAN, Kraków.
https://www.iop.krakow.pl/pckz/opis93f4.html?id=96&je=pl
[28] Sielezniew, M., Sielezniew, I. 2024. Motyle dzienne. Multico, Warszawa.
[29] Kierat, J. 2019. Zagrożone owady: wiemy wystarczająco dużo, by działać.
https://naukadlaprzyrody.pl/2019/07/24/zagrozone-owady-wiemy-wystarczajaco-duzo-by-dzialac/
[30] Pislak Ocepek, M., Glavan, G., Verovnik, R., Šimenc, L., & Toplak, I. 2022. First detection of honeybee
pathogenic viruses in butterflies. Insects, 13(10), 925. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100925
[31] Nanetti, A., Bortolotti, L., & Cilia, G. 2021. Pathogens spillover from honey bees to other arthropods.
Pathogens, 10(8), 1044. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081044